Image displacement mechanism



1963 R. A. HIGONNET ETAL 3, 05,6 4

IMAGE DISPLACEMENT MECHANISM Origina; Filgd Oct. 1, 1957 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 IN VENTO'RS RENE A. HIGONNET Flt]. 2 LOUIS M. OYROUD Oct. 1, 1963 R. A. HIGONNET ETAL IMAGE DISPLACEMENT MECHANISM Original Filed Oct.- 1, 1957 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 'M II KU llll 1| Fig. 5

INVOR. HIGONNET ATTO R NEYS spaces. The cuts to be placed on the page are represented by pieces of paper or of a plastic substance attached to the sheet, and the pieces are of the same size as the cut to be left for the illustrations. These figures can be prepared in advance and are numbered in the order of the illustrations. On the text given to the operator mention is made of the position where the illustrations are to 'be placed.

At the beginning of the composition of one page, the horizontal index 76 is at rest against an abutment 124. The operator adjusts the left hand margins so as to have, between the indexes/78 and 80, a distance equal to the desired length of line. Composition of the first line of the page begins and the selected characters and other information are stored in a register. When the operator depresses the end of line key to bring the platen of the typewriter back the line is sent from the register to the photographic unit and mechanism described below is operated to displace downwardly the index 76 to show the operator where the next line to be composed will be.

The operator then continues the composition until he reaches the area where the cut 122 is to be inserted. He operates the justification control until the index 80 reaches the left hand extremity of the piece 122. The operator proceeds to compose the text with this new justification until the index 76 has passed the lower edge of the paper 122. He then returns to the normal justification length for a full line. In the case of the cut 120, the procedure is similar except that the operator uses the left hand margin control instead of the justification knob.

v The above process makes it possible to provide empty spaces of any shape and at any position on the page, as well as captions under the figures, the folios, footnotes, etc. When the operator has finished composing the last line of the page and when he desires to go on to the next page, he releases the clutch 90 and the index '76 then comes back against its abutment 124 under the action of the weights 98.

We turn next to a description of the leading apparatus including the mechanism for advancing the film and for rotation of the shaft 92, this shaft in turn moving the horizontal index 76. It will be understood that this index is independent of the marginal indexes and may be used in conjunction with them, as illustrated, or alone.

Referring to FIG. 3, a strip of film 126 is mounted in a light-tight box and is engaged by a film advancing mechanism comprising a sprocket wheel 128 and a worm gear 130 which advances the sprocket wheel. A transverse strip of film is presented at a Window 132 and remains stationary While the characters forming each line are successively exposed thereon. Following the composition of each line the film is advanced a predetermined distance to present the next strip for exposure. This is accomplished by a predetermined adjustable displacement of a shaft 134 through bevel gears 136, spur gears 138 and a worm 140 engaged with the gear 130. V

The shaft 92 is also engaged through the friction clutch 90 with the shaft 134. A sleeve 142 having integral oppositely-facing bevel gears is splined to the shaft 134 and is provided with an annular groove to receive an end of a reversing lever 144. The lever 144 is operated by a reversing solenoid RES. Thus the direction of rotation of the shaft 134 when driven from an output shaft 146 through a bevel gear 148 maybe reversed.

The output shaft 146 is driven by a differential 150 having additive input gears 152 and 154. The gear 152 is engaged with a fine leading mechanism designated generally as 156 and the gear 154 is engaged with a coarse leading mechanism 158. These mechanisms are inde pendently engageable with a continuously rotating shaft 160 driven through spur gearing by a motor 162. A ratchet 163 on the shaft 146 holds it steady when leading is not in progress. 7

The construction of the fine leading mechanism includes 180 to a gear 182 and a second ratchet Wheel 184. The

sleeve 180 is free on the shaft 164. A pawl 186 is resiliently engaged with the teeth of the wheel 184 and has a fixed pivot. To rotate the gear 182 the magnet CLF is energized to engage the shaft 164 with the shaft 160. The shaft 164 rotates the pawl arm 174 away from a fixed abutment 188, and the pawl 176 turns the wheels- 173 and 184 and the gear 182. Rotation continues for a predetermined fraction of a revolution of the shaft 164, at which time the magnet CLF is deenergized. Once the shaft 164 is disengaged, a coil spring 190. which has been Wound up by the rotation returns the shaft until the pawl arm 174 reaches the abutment 188. The gear 182 does not follow this return motion, however, because the pawl 186 is engaged with the wheel 184.

Apparatus which comprises a fine leading device to cause the desired rotation of the gear 182 in the above manner includes a brush arm 192 and a code card 194. Details of these parts appear below.

The construction of the coarse leading mechanism includes a shaft 196 extending freely through a sleeve 198 having bevel teeth at one end engaged through spur gearing with the shaft 160-. Thus the sleeve 198 turns continuously. A sleeve 200 is splined to the shaft 196 and is engageable magnetically with the sleeve 198 when a clutch magnetv CLC is energized. When the shaft 196 is not rotating it is held fast by a pawl 202 engaging one of four notches on a wheel 204. The pawl 202 may be removed from the notch by energizing a locking pawl magnet LPM.

The dimensions of the apparatus are arranged so that one complete revolution of the fine leading shaft 164 produces one point of film leading, and one complete revolu= tion of the shaft 196 produces four points of film lead- 1 ing. In a given leading movement, both shafts are ordi narily rotated and their rotations are added in the differential device 150. The shaft 196 may rotate more than one revolution and its rotation is controlled through a coarse leading device described below including a cam 206 adapted to close contacts 208-once for each point ofleading. 7

Normal Leading The coarse leading and fine leading devices to com trol the operations of the leading apparatus are shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, respectively all relays being shownin their unenergized positions. These operations are preferably initiated by an end-of-line" code stored in the register following the last character in the line. This code gives rise to a voltage at a terminal T100 (FIGS.

4 and 5 represented as being applied by closing a leading repeat key LRK. This simultaneously initiates the fine and coarse lead-ing movements. I

The fine leading movement is controlled by a set of nine keys 210 representing tenths of a point of leading. The keys have make contacts representing the respective decimal vaiues in binary form and the contacts'are con I nected with the stationary code card 194 having selected conductive areas. Connections are made to seetors of the card having corresponding binary values,

7 whereby ten sectors are defined and for each combination of wires 212, 214, 216 and 21 8 that is energized thereis a corresponding sector on which the brush arm 192 will not connect the voltage to a common ring 220. This V latter ring is connected to a lead 222. The brush-arm is shown in its position in which the pawl arm 174 is against the stop 188. I V

Assume, for example, that the key representing .5 is depressed. Upon energization of the terminal T100 a voltage is connected to a coil terminal of a relay FP, but since its other terminal is supplied with the same voltage through break contacts of a relay-Fl the relay FP is not energized at this time. The voltage also passes over the lead 222, through the 4 and 1 sectors of the card 194, the leads 214 and 218 and the contacts of the key representing to energize a relay BI. This relay through make contacts energizes the fine leading clutch magnet CLF (FIG. 3) which causes the brush.192 to begin turning. The relay FI also breaks the short-circuit on the relay FP allowing it to become energized and to open the energizing circuit for the relay F1 from the terminal T100. Until the operation is completed the relay FI holds through its own make contacts, the code card levels and the keys 210.

When the brush arm 192 reaches the sector on which no connection is made between the lead 212 and either the lead 214 or the lead 218, the relay Fl becomes deenergized to release the clutch magnet CLF. At this moment the pawl 186 will have passed over the fifth tooth which is 0.5 revolution from the starting tooth. When the brush arm is returned to its starting position the pawl positively engages the fifth tooth. Thus a leading of precisely 0.5 point is produced.

The normal coarse leading movement is controlled by a set of five bistable tens keys K00, K10, K20, K30 and K40 and ten bistable units keys K to K9. The numerical designations of these keys equal the leading values produced when they are operated. Thus the value 23 points is produced by depressing the keys K20 and K3 and the value 48 points by depressing the keys K40 and K8. The blades operated by the units keys are connected by leads 1 to 49 to correspondingly numbered leads on contacts of a level 224 of a 50-position, two-level stepping switch LS of the type which steps when the energizing voltage is removed. The initial or preset position of this switch when leading begins is that position which is removed from the position at the lead 0 by the same number of steps as the preset value represented by the depressed tens and units keys. Thus if the value 23 is selected for example, the initial position is on the contact connected to thelead 23.

The circuit by which the switch LS reaches the preset position extends from its self cycling contacts 226' which open when the energizing voltage is applied, through break contacts on a relay LR through a lead 227 connected to the break contacts of the units and tens keys, through the blades of the tens and units keys and the leads 1 to 49, through the brush 228 on the level 224 to the operating coil of the switch. In the case of those units keys that are not depressed the cor.- responding blades are energized through their break contacts. In the case of that units key which is depressed, the corresponding blade on each tens level of the key is energized through a make contact of the units key and a break contact of the corresponding tens key, except for the blade on the level of a depressed tens key. This blade alone will fail to connect the lead 227 in the self-cycling circuit to a contact of the switch LS. Therefore, the switch self-cycles until it reaches this contact. The switch is thus stepped automatically to its preset initial position where it remains until the key LRK is closed to initiate a leading operation.

The operations which are initiated by closure of the key LRK include connection of the cam contacts 208 (FIG. 3) through a terminal T101 to step the switch LS once for each point of leading added until it reaches its last position. Thus the preset value determines the points of leading added. The circuit details are as follows:

Closure of the key LRK energizes the relay LR which (a) transfers the operating coil of the switch LS to the terminal T101, ([2) disconnects the self-cycling contacts 22-6 of the switch LS from the key contacts and connects them by a lead 229 to the 49th position of a level 230 of the switch LS having a brush 231, (0) holds through its contacts 232 and said level 230, and (d) connects said level 230 through make contacts 234 to energize the coarse leading pawl magnet LPM. (See also FIG. 3.) When the pawl has been removed from a notch on the wheel 204 make contacts 236 close to energize the coarse leading clutch solenoid CLC. Rotation of the shaft 196 now begins, the. cam contacts 208 send an impulse for each point of leading produced through the terminal T101 to step the switch LS, and each such impulse is counted in a conventional impulse counter CTR.

The stepping process continues until eventually the brush 231 makes contact with the lead 229. In this position of the switch LS the pawl magnet LP M holds through break contacts of a relay XL, the contacts 234, the brush 23.1, the lead 229, additional break contacts of the relay XL, make contacts of the relay LR and the self-cycling break contacts 226.

When the next cam impulse which steps the switch LS to its last position arrives, the holding circuit for the magnet LPM is opened by the contacts 226 and the pawl 202 drops on the disk 204 between two notches. Quick release of the magnet LPM is insured by insertion of a series resistor 237 after the magnet is energized, according to a conventional technique. This movement of the pawl is not sulficient to open the contacts 236 connected to the coil CLC. Rotation continues until the pawl 202 falls in the next notch, at which moment the clutch coil CLC is deenergized.

As stated above, the relay LR holds on the level 230 of the switch LS through its contacts 232. This holding circuit opens as the switch LS steps to its last position. At this time, or as soon thereafter as the voltage at the terminal T is removed, the relay LR becomes deenergized and reconnects the self-cycling contacts 226 of the switch LS through the units and tens keys and the level 224 to the operating coil of the switch. The

switch then returns to its initial, preset position.

' Additional Leading In typical composition work, certain recurring text passages such as paragraphs, sections or chapters are set off from one another by additional leading, that is, leading in addition to the normal leading employed between two lines in an ordinary paragraph. It is desirable to be able to insert the additional leading without disturbing the units and tens keys which are ordinarily set for normal leading. To this end we employ a set of ten additional leading keys 23 8 which are spring-biased to the positions illustrated (FIG. 4). When additional leading is desired the operator allows the normal leading operation described above to be completed. Then, a selected key 238 is depressed. For example, assume that a key 240 representing additional leading'of 5 points is depressed and held down. This energizes the relay XL, opens the connection of the lead 5 to the level 224 of the switch LS, and connects the make contacts of the tens keys to the break contacts of the units keys. The latter two connections, it will be seen, cause the lead associated with the selected additional leading key to become disconnected from its corresponding contact on the switch LS, while causing all contact blades of the units keys to be connected in the self-cycling circuit irrespective of the tens and units selection.

When the relay XL is energized it closes its make contacts 242 to energize the relay LR, opens its break contacts 244 in the energizing circuit of the pawl magnet LP'M, and connects a circuit from the self-cycling contacts 226 of the switch LS through make contacts of the relays LR and XL to the break contacts of the units keys. The latter connection establishes a circuit whereby the switch LS immediately steps until its brush 228 connects with the lead 5 where it stops, the operation being similar to that of self-cycling to the units mechanism 178 as shown in FIG. 6 thereof.

Continuous Leading "In copending application Serial No. 687,572, now Patent No. 2,999,434, of Higonnet, Mo-yroudand Hanson, filed on even date herewith, there is described a key VRK which is associated with a continuous film drive In FIG. 4 hereof, we show this same key VRK associated with the preferred form of leading mechanism. It will be understood that the other circuits associated with this key are as described in said application.

When the key VRK is depressed it energizes the pawl magnet LPM, which in turn energizes the clutch magnet CLC. The coarse leading input will therefore be continuous until the key VRK is released. It will be understood that in any case, since the clutch magnet is not deenergized until the pawl 202 falls into a notch, the added leading will be an integral number of points.

Reverse Leading A bistable key RLK provides means to cause reverse leading. When it is depressed the reversing solenoid RES (see also. FIG. 3) is energized. Exceptfor the reversal of displacements transmitted to the film and page indicator, the various leading operations may be carried out as described. Thus reverse leading of a predetermined amount may be produced each time the key LRK is closed.

Continuous reverse leading may also be carried out by depressing a key CRL, which is spring-biased open, the key RLK being left open. Closure of the key CRL energizes the magnet RES and through make contacts 246 of the latter energizes the pawl magnet LPM. Make contacts 236 of the latter energize the clutch magnet CLC. It will be observed that this arrangement insures the proper sequence: reverse the gearing 142, 148, lift the pawl 202, and energize the clutch CLC. Reverse leading is continuous while the key CRL is held down. When it is released the pawl magnet LPM is deenergized immediately. However, the contacts 236 do not open until the pawl 202 falls into a notch. Then, the clutch magnet CLC is deenergized. Until the magnet CLC is deenergized the magnet RES holds through a rectifier 248, thus insuring the proper sequence: release the pawl 202, deenergize the clutch CLC and change the reverse gearing 142, 148. Thus jamming of the mechanism is prevented. Quick release of the relay is insured by insertion of a resistance 250 in series with it after it has become energized, in accordance with a conventional technique.

Indicating Lamps Lamps 252 and 254 are provided to indicate the momentary condition of the above-described leading circuits. The lamp 252 is lighted whenever the magnet LPM is energized (during actual leading of the film) and whenever the switch LS is self-cycling on its level 224 to a preset position st'or normal leading (when the relay LR is unenergized). Thus it is a leading-in-process lamp which indicates that no operations should be initiated until it goes out. 7

The lamp 254 is lighted while any additionallead. ing key 238 is held depressed and the switch LS is selfcycling to the position corresponding to such key. The key should not be released until this lamp goes out.

Keyboard Locking The leading operations described above are necessary for proper photocomposition of successive lines on the film. T o insures that twolines will not be superim posed on the film a magnet KBL is provided. Unless a units key and a tens" key are depressed, this magnet is energized through series break contacts of the keys to.

lock the keyboard so that no keys can be depressed. The actual locking mechanism is of a conventional form.

, It will be understood that while the invention has been described above with reference to a preferred embodi-' ment thereof, various modifications of and changes in the circuits and connections of the parts may be employed according to techniques familiar to those skilled These changes may be accomplished with:

driven shafts, a coarse leading device to selectively op-Q. crate one of the clutches, a fine leading device to selectively operate the other clutch, and means to transmit to the advancing mechanism the sum of the motions of the driven shafts.

2. The combination according to claim 1, in which the coarse leading device is adapted to measure units of rotation of the driven shaft associated therewith, and the fine leading device is adapted to measure fractionsof said units.

3. In photocomposing apparatus, the combination of means to support a sensitized sheet, an advancing mechanism for the sheet, and a drive connected with the advancing mechanism, said drive including a continuously rotatable driving shaft, a driven shaft operatively engaged with the advancing mechanism, cam-operated contacts associated with the driven shaft, a stepping switch connected with the contacts and adapted to step on each operation thereof, preset means for the switch including-a self-cycling circuit to cause the switch to step to a selected 1 position a variable number of steps from a fixed position, a clutch for engaging the driving and drivenjshafts, and connections from the switch to disengage the clutch when the switch reaches said fixed position.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,001,596 Caps May'14, 2,517,250 Shea Aug. 1, 1950 2,616,331 Pavelle Nov. 4,1952

2,699,703 Mourfield Jan. 18, 1955 2,791,442 Baer May 7,1957 2,831,561 Speh Apr. 22,1958 2,832,456 Vaughan Apr. 29, 1958' 2,845,012 Plastaras July 29,1958

Doster Oct. 14,1958 

1. A VARIABLE IMAGE DISPLACEMENT MECHANISM FOR PHOTOCOMPOSING APPARATUS INCLUDING, IN COMBINATION, MEANS TO SUPPORT A SENSITIZED FILM, AN ADVANCING MECHANISM FOR THE FILM, AND A DRIVE CONNECTED WITH THE ADVANCING MECHANISM, SAID DRIVE INCLUDING A CONTINUOUSLY ROTATABLE DRIVING SHAFT, A PAIR OF DRIVEN SHAFTS, A PAIR OF CLUTCHES INDEPENDENTLY ENGAGING THE DRIVING SHAFT WITH EACH OF THE DRIVEN SHAFTS, A COARSE LEADING DEVICE TO SELECTIVELY OPERATE ONE OF THE CLUTCHES, A FINE LEADING DEVICE TO SELECTIVELY OPERATE THE OTHER CLUTCH, AND MEANS TO TRANSMIT TO THE ADVANCING MECHANISM THE SUM OF THE MOTIONS OF THE DRIVEN SHAFTS. 